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LED power supplies are a crucial component of any lighting installation based on LED technology. Their role is to provide the appropriate voltage and current, ensuring the proper functioning of the diodes and their long lifespan. Choosing the right power supply and its protections is essential for the safety and efficiency of the entire system.

Types of LED Power Supplies

There are many types of LED power supplies available on the market, differing in design and application:

  • Constant Voltage Power Supplies (CV) – These provide a constant voltage, typically 12V or 24V, and are used for LED strips and other devices requiring stable voltage. A CV power supply maintains nominal output voltage only up to its maximum output current, which defines its maximum output power. When selecting a power supply for a specific application, it is recommended to load it up to 70% of its maximum power, or up to 50% in the case of sealed power supplies or those with limited cooling capabilities.

  • Constant Current Power Supplies (CC) – These ensure a constant current, typically 350mA, 700mA, or 1050mA, which is particularly important in professional lighting such as lamps or floodlights. A 350mA power supply can safely be replaced with one rated at 330mA or 300mA. However, using higher-current power supplies as substitutes is not recommended. When selecting a CC power supply, consider not only the nominal current but also the output voltage range (known as the operating window). A constant current power supply regulates the output current by adjusting the output voltage within this range. It is advisable to select a CC power supply that operates within the upper half of its voltage range for maximum energy efficiency.

  • Sealed Power Supplies – These have enclosures that protect against moisture and dust, making them ideal for outdoor applications (IP6x protection class).

  • Modular Power Supplies – Composed of multiple modules, these are easier to repair and more stable in operation. They are often used in advanced systems.

  • Plug-in Power Supplies – Simple to use, these are designed for small installations.

  • DIN Rail Power Supplies – Designed with enclosures that fit DIN rails in distribution cabinets.

What to Consider When Choosing a Power Supply?

  1. Power Output – The power supply should have a capacity higher than the maximum power consumption of connected devices (see above) to avoid overloads and ensure maximum lifespan.

  2. Output Voltage (for CV supplies) – Must match the requirements of the LEDs (e.g., 12V or 24V).

  3. Output Current (for CC supplies) – Must correspond to the nominal current of the LEDs/lamps being powered and should not exceed it. The powered element should fall within the upper half of the power supply's voltage range. For example, if you have a 300mA power supply with a range of 42–63V, optimal operating conditions would be at voltages between 53–63V.

  4. Ingress Protection Rating (IP) – Choose a power supply with an appropriate protection class (e.g., IP20 for indoor use, IP67 for damp locations).

  5. Power Factor (PF) – The closer this value is to 1, the fewer disturbances the power supply introduces into the electrical network. This is increasingly important when many power supplies operate on a single network, as it directly impacts electromagnetic compatibility and prolongs the lifespan of other devices sharing the same network.

Protections in LED Power Supplies

High-quality power supplies come equipped with several protections to safeguard both installations and users:

  • Overvoltage Protection – Shields against sudden voltage spikes, such as during storms.

  • Short-Circuit Protection – Automatically disconnects the device in case of a short circuit.

  • Overload Protection – Shuts down the power supply when overloaded.

  • Thermal Protection – Prevents overheating of the device.

These protections not only enhance user safety but also extend the lifespan of the entire lighting system.

Summary

Choosing the right LED power supply is fundamental for any lighting installation. Pay attention to the type of power supply, its technical parameters, and available protections. This ensures that your LED lighting will operate efficiently and safely for many years. If you have any doubts, consult a specialist or retailer—making an informed choice is an investment in quality and durability for your lighting system.